试析尼克松政府对外政策决策机制、过程及主要人员

On the Structures,Processes and Personalities of the Nixon Administration’s Foreign Policy Decision-making

现已出版的关于尼克松政府的著作,大多试图破译尼克松和基辛格这两位历史人物的思维方式以及他们的个性缺陷。根据新解密的尼克松总统档案和现已发表的英文研究成果,通过研究尼克松政府对外政策决策新机制的确立及其特点,透视尼克松政府对外政策决策机制、过程及涉及的主要人员相关特点,能够加强人们对尼克松政府对外政策决策的认识和理解。从理论上讲,尼克松政府的对外政策决策机制,目的是保证总统的工作日程和时间;总统得到的是经过认真研究、分析和过滤后的情报信息。尼克松任内,确实取得了外交方面的重大成功。然而,这一机制是将美国对外政策决策的千斤重担压到了尼克松和基辛格两人的肩上,违背了美国政府决策民主程序的理念。

Abstract：The lion＇s share of current scholarship on the Nixon administration attempts to decipher the minds of Nixon and Kissinger and their personality defects. Based on the Nixon Presidential Materials Project and secondary sources in English, the article examines the structures, processes and personalities of Nixon＇ s foreign policy decision - making. In theory, Nixon＇ s new system was designed to protect the President＇ s schedule and time. The President only received carefully researched and analyzed information by his senior advisors. Although Nixon enjoyed great success in diplomatic affairs, this system accorded the Nixon- Kissinger dyad sole responsibility in making U.S. foreign policies, which ran counter to America＇ s democratic political tradition.