关于中国教师资格的历史考察

A historical account of the Chinese teacher qualification

中国古代对教师从人品、学识、资历等提出明确的标准和要求,形成了推荐与考试的结合、不同层次的递进等措施,但从制度层面缺乏对教师在教育教学能力方面的资格要求。从清末近代学制建立开始,对各级各类教师的任职资格作了明确规定,民国期间不断完善。以接受师范教育为教师入职的标准尺度,也为非师范生提供了获取教师资格的途径。对各类教师资格规定了学历标准,并有健康、品行等方面的条件要求。建立了教师检定和考试制度,作为其具有任职资格的法律凭证。但是,在教师资格制度层面上的建设与实际执行方面还有很大的差距。

There are explicit standards and requirements of virtue, learning and qualifications for different levels of teachers in ancient China, despite a lack of requirements of educational teaching competence. Changes start from the end of Qing by establishement of educational system with specific requests of teacher qualifications. Graduates from teacher schools serve as a standard, and access is also available for those from non-teacher schools. Levels of diplomas, health, virtue are covered and an attestment of teachers is set up with a legal basis.