我国“大跃进”时期农具改革运动考查

Review of Farming Machinery Innovation Movement During the Great Leap Forward in China

1958-1960年,在"大跃进"的浪涛中,全国农村开展了轰轰烈烈的农具改革运动。从改良水利工具开始,到全面改革各种农业生产和农村生活工具。中央领导各级政府坚持政治挂帅、全党动手、全民动员、土洋结合的方针,大办县社工业,大量进行农具改革、创造、试验和推广使用。但是,由于缺少技术、设备和原材料,执行过程中不顾实际,不讲科学,强调个人意志,大搞虚假浮夸,农具改革运动不仅未能取得预期的成效,反而造成了大量的人力物力浪费,影响了正常的农业生产,损害了广大农民的利益,留下了沉痛的历史教训。

From 1958 to 1960,during the fanaticism of the Great Leap Forward,China undertook a massive scale of farming machinery innovation movement.Beginning with the machineries of irrigation construction projects,it extended to all machineries of agricultural production and rural life activities.Led by the central government,the governments at all levels built millions of factories and blacksmiths,implemented polices and guidelines from the central government,and carried out the movement,including tools design,manufacture,demonstration trial,evaluation,and usage in real activities by carrying out the policy of political commanding,all members' participation,and the combination of primitive Chinese methods with western advanced technologies.Because the technology,equipments and raw material were lack,rural real situations were not clearly understood,and scientific principles were ignored,the movement,excessively emphasized man's sprit and courage,and misled by faulted figures and achievements,did not obtained the successes as governments hoped and reported by the media at that time,but wasted a large amount of manual,material and financial resources and negatively affected agricultural production,instead.It hurt peasant's interests and left some bad sequelae that are difficult to cure even now.