宪法反映的两种世界观及其可能的发展路向

The Two World Outlooks Reflected by Constitutions and Its Development Trend

宪法反映的世界观可分为唯我世界观和容他世界观两种类型。唯我世界观完全以本国利益为根本出发点,具有很强的排他性,体现出"自我独存"的特征,美国和伊朗两国宪法的世界观是其代表。容他世界观虽然亦以本国利益为根本出发点,但具有很强的共益性,体现出"与他共存"的特征,二战后德日两国宪法和欧盟宪法反映的世界观是其代表。这两种世界观都是立足于四分五裂的人类多重关系性基础之上,因此它们自身存在无法克服的间性——然而从宪法反映的世界观的角度看,这恰恰是人类战争的根源。要实现人类恒久的和平,必须构建一种立足于不可分割整体的人类之共同利益和"相互依存"特征的世界观——整体世界观。

The world outlooks reflected by the constitutions worldwide can be basically classified into two types： the ＂for-me-solely＂ world outlook and the ＂for-him-as-well＂ world outlook. The former stems completely from national interests and is marked by a glaring exclusiveness, exhibiting the feature of ＂ self-centered existence＂. The world outlook of the American constitution and that of the Iranian constitution are cases in point. The ＂ for-him-as-well＂ world outlook, however, evidently factors in mutual benefits when upholding the national interests, and it embodies the characteristic of ＂coexistence with others＂. The world outlook of the German, Japanese and the EU＇ s constitutions following World War II are typical examples. The two types of world outlook are both grounded upon the disintegrative and multiple relationships of mankind. Therefore, they have some insurmountable inter-subjectivity inherent in themselves, which is the root of human war if in terms of the constitutional world outlooks. The key to an everlasting global peace is to build up a new constitutional world outlook that will have as its bases both the common interests of humankind as an indivisible whole and ＂interdependence＂, that is, the ＂for-us-at-large＂ world outlook