甘油选择性脱水制备丙烯醛研究进展

Recent progress in glycerol dehydration to acrolein

生物柴油以其环保性和可再生性而被公认为是可替代石化柴油的新型能源,其迅猛发展将导致其副产物甘油的大量过剩,因此,开发和深度利用甘油,使其成为新一代从生物质到化学品的转化平台成为近期研究热点,其中,甘油脱水制丙烯醛是重要途径。综述了实现该过程的催化剂体系研究进展,探讨了催化剂结构和反应条件对甘油脱水反应性能的影响,分析了甘油脱水的反应路径,以期对开发高性能催化体系和合理工艺提供参考。由于匀相催化剂存在活性低、操作条件苛刻和设备腐蚀等缺点,开发的重点集中在固体酸催化剂上,虽然活性较高,但易失活,稳定性差。仍需进一步提高催化剂性能,同时结合反应器和工艺的设计和选择,综合考量。

The rapidly rising production of biodiesel from vegetable oils will lead to a drastic surplus of by-product glycerol in chemical markets. The utilization of large amount of glycerol is the driving force of developing new processes. As a sustainable alternative, acrolein can be produced by the dehydration of glycerol. Recent progress in catalyst systems for glycerol dehydration to acrolein was reviewed. The effects of catalyst properties and reaction conditions on glycerol dehydration performance were discussed, as well as its reaction networks. Due to severe operation conditions and corrosion, the researches were focused on the heterogeneous solid acid catalysts. The catalysts had higher activity, but lower stability. The future study should concentrate on further improvement of the catalyst performances, especially stability, and optimization of reaction conditions and selection of proper reactor.