跆拳道运动员不同运动负荷状态下心脏泵功能变化特征

Cardiac Pump Function at Different Exercise of Taekwondo Athletes

目的长期的运动训练可引起心脏形态结构和功能上发生重塑,而这些适应性变化又与运动项目、运动方式有着密切关系,其发生的确切机制还尚未完全明晰。实验通过观察不同负荷方式运动对跆拳道运动员心脏泵血功能的应激性反应,用心脏血流动力学指标来分析其产生的可能机制。方法16名陕西省跆拳道队男子一级运动员分别通过最大有氧功和最大无氧功测试,分别于运动测试前后测定心脏泵血功能参数。结果在最大有氧用力中,在CO、CWI、C、CI、MAP显著增大时,TPR却发生显著降低,SV变化不显著。在最大无氧用力中,TPR降低较少,MAP上升较高,心输出量、CI也未明显变化,每搏输出量在最大无氧用力中较最大有氧功运动略上升。结论在最大有氧用力中心脏承受相对低的后负荷,相对高的前负荷的刺激,而最大无氧用力中心脏克服相对高的后负荷,这是两类不同形式运动对心脏形态和功能长期适应性变化机制的根本原因。

The long-term exercise can make heart remold on structure and function adaptation, while these adaptation is different with the sport items. Its occurrence mechanism is not really clear yet . This experiment observed the reaction on heart pump function of Taekwondo athlete after different exercise way, analyzed its possible mechanism through blood dynamics indexes. Method： 16 professional Taekwondo athletes take respectively aerobic test and 30s anaerobic test, measured the heart pump function blood dynamics parameter before and after the test, the result discovered： During aerobic test, CO,CWI,C,CI,MAP rise markedly ,while TPR lowers manifestly, the SV has little variety . In 30s anaerobic effort, the TPR lowers less, MAP ascended higher, CO, CI didn＇ t change obviously, SV is slightly higher than the results of aerobic test, The results showed that, heart must afford lower after - load and higher pre - load in aerobic effort while in anaerobic test , heart must afford higher after- load. This is the basic reason of two different way exercises make the heart different adaptation on structure and function.