射电天文站电磁环境测量方法及分析

Measurement method and analysis of electromagnetic environment in radio astronomic observatories

射电天文业务是接收来自遥远宇宙天体的射电信号进行研究的科学。由于来自宇宙天体的射电天文信号非常微弱,比通信系统的信号暗弱百万倍,使射电天文望远镜对周围电磁环境的要求极其严格。射电天文站址要选在电磁环境良好的地区,并在以后的运行中得到电磁环境的保护。建立一套测试射电天文站址电磁环境的设备和方法,对射电天文站址的电磁环境进行实际测试,并对实测数据进行科学合理地分析、评价,作为以后射电天文观测和保护电磁环境研究的依据都是非常重要的。

Radio astronomy is studies distant objects in the universe by collecting and analyzing the radio waves emitted by those objects. The radio signals arriving on the Earth from astronomical objects are extremely weak, millions（or billions）of times weaker than the signals used by communication systems. Because the cosmic radio sources are so weak, they are easily masked by man-made interference. So around the radio astronomic observatory, fine electromagnetic environment is needed. For a radio astronomic observatory, study of the frequency spectrum circumstances is needed, and the testing results must be understood thoroughly with the provided RFI spectrum properties.