配方施肥对印楝人工林产量和生长性状的影响

Effect of Formulated Fertilization on Yield and Growth Characteristics of Azadirachta indica Plantation

对元谋干热河谷印楝人工林经3 a施肥试验表明,配方施肥对印楝林分的生长和结实产量均产生显著影响:(1)施肥当年对林分生长未显明显肥效,施肥效应主要表现在施肥后第1年,到施肥后第2年肥效总体呈下降趋势;各生长性状对施肥配方反应的敏感性排序为:冠幅>株高>地径>胸径;以株高和冠幅生长为评价依据,第14处理(300 g氨肥+300 g磷肥+200 g钾肥)为最优施肥组合方案。(2)不同施肥配方处理间以及不同年份之间,印楝的结实产量均存在显著差异;有机肥与P、K肥的组合配方对印楝结实量产生明显增益,其中第1处理(8 kg有机肥+200 g磷肥+200 g钾肥)为增加印楝结实产量的最佳施肥方案;各年份施肥处理间结实产量的排序为:施肥后第1年>施肥后第2年>施肥当年。此外,施肥前的林分本底值对林木生长产生极显著影响,在一定程度上干扰了施肥效应。

3 years＇ test in Yuanmou dry-hot valley showed formulated fertilization had significant effect on the yield and growth of Azadirachta indica plantation. The first year didn＇ t show distinct fertilization effectiveness on increment of stand, and downward trend in the 3^nd breadth 〉 plant height 〉 the 2^nd year＇ fertilization effectiveness were the most significant, while there was a year. The sensibility rank order of the growth response to fertilization are as follows ： crown ground diameter 〉 DBH. According to the evaluation standard of increment of plant height and crown breadth, the most effective treatment was the 14^th（N2P2K1）. There were significant differences in fruit yield between the different fertilization treatments and different years. Through addition of P and K and organic fertilizers, there was high significant increase effect on fruit yield. Among the treatments, the first treatment （8 kg organic fertilizer ＋ P200K200） was the optimum formula which may increase obviously the fruit yield of Azadirachta indica. The rank order of fruit yield among all the fertilization treatments of 3 years are as follows ： the 2^nd year 〉 the 3^nd year 〉 the l＇t year. In addition, the background value of the trees had a significant effect on the late growth, and disturbed the fertilization efficiency of the stand to some extent.