生态补偿标准研究

Research on the Ecological Compensation Standard

在阐述生态补偿标准分类的基础上,总结当前我国生态补偿标准在流域开发、矿产资源开发、森林生态效益保护、自然保护区建设、退耕(牧)还林(草)等领域的补偿依据;对国内学者的生态补偿标准核算方法与结果进行了归类;探讨现阶段补偿标准过低的主要原因:生态补偿模式单一、补偿资金不足,对补偿依据认识不全面、计算不完整,忽视补偿的空间差异,生态系统服务价值核算方法有待突破等;指出今后生态补偿标准研究的重点及方向。

Ecological compensation is a hot topic and focus in China,and the ecological compensation standard is one of the core scientific questions that need to be resolved urgently. In this paper, the classification of ecological compensation standard was summarized, the main compensation foundations in five fields were introduced, which included watershed development, minerals resource development, forest ecological benefit protection, turning cultivated/grazing land back into forests/grasslands, and so on. Furthermore, the calculation methods and results of ecological compensation standard were classified, the main reasons for the low level standard of ecological compensation were pointed out：l）a single model of ecological compensation led to insuffi- cient fund for compensation, 2）a unilateral understanding with the compensation foundations led to incompletely calculations, 3） the ＂across the board＂ compensation standards ignored the space differences, 4）the calculation method of ecosystem services val- ues need to make a breakthrough. At length, the research focus and direction with ecological compensation standard in the future was put forward.