环保型铁路轮轨润滑脂的开发研制

Development of Environment-Friendly Railway Wheel/Rail Grease

环保型铁路轮轨润滑脂以植物油和一定比例的合成油为基础油，采用天然高级脂肪酸锂皂为稠化剂，加入有一定协同效应的氧化抑制剂、防锈剂、摩擦改进剂等添加剂和固体润滑剂，按照试验确定的配方、工艺制成。对该脂分别进行了室内理化性能评定、北京地铁现场试验和可生物降解性静置模拟试验等。结果表明：该脂具有良好的可生物降解性、防腐蚀性、抗水性、高温稳定性和低温泵送性；抗磨性能与地铁原用脂相当，与北京地铁钢轨涂油器有良好的匹配性。制订了该脂的技术条件。该脂可适用于环境温度-30-120℃条件下，我国城市轨道交通以及有环保要求铁路干线（特别是中东部）的轮轨润滑。

With the mixture of proper proportion of the plant oil and synthetic oil as the base oil, high-level natural lithium fatty acid soap as the thickener, the environmental friendly railway wheel/rail grease has been produced according to the formula and fabrication technology obtained from the experiments along with appropriate combination of such synergistic effect additives and lubricant as the oxidation inhibitor, antirust, friction modifier, etc. Indoor physical and chemical properties evaluation, field tests in Beijing Metro and the biodegradability simulation tests have been conducted respectively for the developed grease. Results show that the grease possesses excellent biodegradability, anticorrosive property, water resist-ance, high-temperature stability and low temperature pumpability. Its anti-wear property is equivalent with the subway formerly used grease. Moreover, it can be well matched with wheel and rail lubricating devices in Beijing Metro. The technical specifications have been worked out for the developed grease. The developed grease can be applied to the wheel and rail lubrication in domestic urban rail transit and the trunk lines （especially in middle-east region） that demand environmental protection under the condition of the environmental temperature from -30℃ to 120℃.