阿尔茨海默氏病与血管性痴呆临床特点的对照研究

The comparative study of clinical characteristics of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

目的比较阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)的临床特点。方法对39例AD和38例VD患者的精神行为症状特点、伴随的躯体疾病、头颅CT检查以及脑电图检查进行比较。结果AD组与VD组在幻觉、妄想等精神病性症状方面无明显差异,在抑郁、焦虑等情绪障碍以及行为脱抑制方面有显著差异;AD组伴随的躯体疾病无明显特异性,VD组多伴发高血压、冠心病;AD组头颅CT多表现为脑萎缩,VD组多表现为脑梗塞;脑电图检查AD组无明显特异性,VD组界限脑电图居多。结论AD与VD患者的BPSD及所伴随的躯体疾病可有不同特点,CT和脑电图的检查等对痴呆的诊断与鉴别诊断均具有重要价值。

Objective To compare the clinical manifestations between Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and vascular dementia（VD）. Methods 39 patients with AD and 38 patients with VD, clinical symptoms were compared between the two groups including pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia（ BPSD）, assident physical diseases, CT and EEG examinations. Results There is no significant deviation between AD and VD patients which had mental disorders. The incidence of depression and anxiety in VD was significantly higher than that of AD. Most of patients with VD had a history of hypertension and coronary artery diseases. In AD patients, the CT abnormalities demonstrated that atrophy of brain, and cerebral infarction in VD patients. In EEG examinations, most VD patients displayed outer limits. Conclusion There are differences in BPSD and assident physical diseases between AD and VD patients. Besides of that,CT and EEG examinations are vital in the diagnosis of AD and VD in clinical practice.