风险视角:克隆人立法之我见

Perspective of Risk:Viewpoints of Human-Cloning Legislation

当前各国均通过立法禁止克隆人研究,学界也多主张禁止克隆人,然而克隆人的支持者则认为克隆人的许可性立法是科学技术发展的必然趋势,同时对于人类社会而言意义深远。法律风险是克隆人许可性立法的障碍,克隆人许可性立法不能忽视其将遭遇到的法律风险。法律风险主要有刑法风险和民法风险,刑法风险即克隆人所带来的犯罪上升的风险,包括克隆行为人犯罪、克隆人犯罪和克隆人诱发性犯罪的风险等;民法风险则指克隆人过程中导致的民事主体权利缺失或受侵害的风险,包括人格权风险、身份权风险、继承权风险和监护权风险。

Now countries all over the world prohibit researches on human-cloning through legislation, and the academic community most advocates prohibiting cloning human. But the supporter of human-cloning holds that the permissive legislation about cloning human is an inevitably tendency of science and technology development, meanwhile, it is of deep significance to human society. The paper argues that legal risk is a barrier to permissive legislation about human-cloning, and the legal risk should not be neglected. Legal risk mainly includes the criminal legal risk and civil legal risk. The former means the risk of crime rate rising, such as risks of the cloner＇s crime, the clonee＇s crime, and the induced crime, and the latter refers to the civil subject＇s right suffering loss or being infringed, including risks of the personality right, right of status and guardianship right.