塔克拉玛干沙漠气候和利用

CLIMATE AND EXPLOITATION OF TAKLIMAKAN DESERT

1.前言塔克拉玛干沙漠是世界第二大流动沙漠,面积33万平方公里,它的形成约从地质白垩纪时期就有了积沙,以后经新生代而演变成现在的大沙漠。塔克拉玛干人称之死亡之海,维语有进去出不来之意。还有一种含义,谓之“原来故乡”。无论那种解释,具有一片无人居住的不毛之地之意,即Desert。

Taklimakan Desert is called the death sea, it means in Ugur that one cannot go out if you come in it, and its another meaning is native place.Taklimakan Desert is a place without any one and vegetadle (ie.desert). Though there are the high mountains around Taklimakan Desert, thevapor mainly transfer horizontally, Though the vertical convection is verystrong, the surface humidity extreme small, It is the reason that thevapor inner cycle is so weak, It is shown by sounding data that there tworelative mointure layers, general about 50%, in 700-600hap and 500-400 hapisobaric snrface, and a so strong vertical convection in the basin thatresults fall and wind, The vapor, so far, is consireded coming from thewest, north and east three directions to Taklimakan Desert, however, itis worth of discussion south vapor path, Recently, some poeple founded the fact that the vapor from bengat gulf may go into Tarini Basin whenIndian low pressure moves northward in summer, with the plateau trough,vortex sheet of introduced by the south jet at the west side of subtropicalhigh.The precipitation in the place is during May-Sept, five months, andcentre in July, Aug, two months, The intensity of precipitation is so largethat rain amount can reach to 20.0mm in a half of an hour and make watercollected on the surface, The annual amount of precipitation is about60-80mm, larger than that is south root of Kunlun Mountain, There iswater, which level can be 3-5m under the surface of the low-lying landbetween two sand hill, and the water comes from rivers mainly.The temperature is 1.0°-5.0℃ in January, the minimum temperatureis about 15.0°-20.0℃, monthly mean temperature is July 28.0°-30.0℃,the maximum temperature about 40.0℃, the annual range of temperaturesmaller than that in region around the basin, the ground surfacetemperature 5.0-80.0℃,Generally, extreme minimum temperature is below20.0℃ on the ground and0.0℃ in 40 cm under ground, Ordinary, thetemperature in July is higher than 60.0℃, which extreme value can reachto 71.0℃, even in 40cm under ground, the temperature is 28.0℃ high, InJanuary, the solar radiation is 170MJ/m, it is greater than the edge ofbasin in summer, and opposite in wintct.People can use the desert region to develop medicinal materials, suchas Daji, and also grow the underground nuclear vegetable, we can buildsome solar and winden energy electric power, exploit small oasis in thelow of the rivers, plant Tamarix Liu, Populus euphratica Otiy to set upa sandproof forest belt.