不同种植方式下冬小麦土壤水分动态变化研究

Study on Dynamics of Soil Water Content of Winter Wheat to Different Cropping patterns

[目的]探索华北地区冬小麦不同种植方式下土壤水分的动态变化规律。[方法]以冬小麦济麦20为材料，按平作、平作覆盖秸秆、起垄覆盖地膜3种种植方式，用中子水分仪测定冬小麦田不同土壤深度的水分变化。[结果]结果表明，3种种植方式下0～30cm土壤层田间水分变化均呈现“先降后升再降再升”的W型变化。不同处理的土壤水分含量在灌溉后下降幅度是平作〉垄膜〉秸秆覆盖；冬小麦拔节期～灌浆期，土壤水分含量高低顺序是秸秆覆盖〉垄覆膜〉平作。在冬小麦的全生育期，30～60cm土壤水分含量均是秸秆覆盖〉平作〉起垄覆膜，60～90cm土壤水分动态变化呈下降趋势。[结论]秸秆、塑料薄膜覆盖均有良好的保持土壤表层水分作用，30～60cm的土壤水分变化幅度较大。降水及灌溉对土层中层土壤水分影响较大，而降水及灌溉水不易影响下层土壤水分（60～90cm）。为华北地区的农业干旱监测调控提供了理论依据。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to explore the soil water dynamics of winter wheat under different planting patterns in North China. [ Method ] With Jimai 20 of winter wheat as the materials and the flat-planting, covering fiat-planting with straw mulching and covering bed-planting with flim mulching patterns as cropping patterns, the water changes of different soil depth in winter wheat fields were determined by neutron moisture meter. [ Resultl The results showed that the amount of soil water storage from 0 - 30 cm deep soil profile emerged W-type changes under three cropping patterns. The soil water content of different treatments after irrigation was the fiat-planting 〉 covering bed-plant- ing with fiim mulching 〉 straw mulching. The soil water content from jointing stage to filling stage was straw mulching 〉 covering bed-planting with flim mulching 〉 the flat-planting. During the whole growth period of winter wheat, 30 - 60 cm soil water content was straw mulching 〉 the flat-planting 〉 covering bed-planting with flim mulching, and 60 - 90 cm soil water content declined. [ Conclusion ] Straw and plastic film mulching had the good role of soil surface moisture, and 30 -60 cm of soil moisture changed in larger. Rainfall and irrigation influenced the middle layer of soil moisture largely and didn＇ t affect the lower soil moisture. The research provided the theoretical basis for the agriculture drought monitoring in North China.