麦冬块根、须根和水培诱导根细胞结构特性比较研究

On the Cell Structures of Root Tubers,Fibrous Roots and the Roots Cultured in Water of Ophiopogon Japonicus

采用组织切片技术,在显微镜下观察麦冬块根、须根和水培诱导根的形态和内部结构.研究麦冬块根、须根和水培诱导根的组织结构和细胞结构的差异.显微镜下的观察显示:在麦冬块根的皮层细胞中看到胶冻样特征性结构.麦冬须根的皮层薄壁组织之间排列着草酸钙针晶柱长链,须根的根尖区有密集的草酸钙针晶束结构;水培诱导根中没有发现草酸钙针晶束结构.水培诱导根的根毛与须根的根毛相比较,管腔内的无定型物质要比须根根毛少得多.研究结果表明:麦冬的块根从须根分化之后,在植物生理机理上与须根存在着差异性.正是这种机能差异,才形成了麦冬块根的药用有效成分的细胞生物学基础.草酸钙是由麦冬的须根根尖从土壤中吸收而来,或者是吸收了土壤中的钙离子,在根尖部位进行生化反应进行合成,再通过须根的皮层中央薄壁组织向上输送,途经块根有所残留.

The LEICA RM2128 slicer and Motic BA300 and tissue structures of root tubers,fibrous roots and the optical microscopy system has been used to observe the cell roots cultured in water of O. japonicus with a view to investi- gating the differences of the respective cell and tissue structures. The results show that there are many gelatum - like structures in the cortical cells of the root tuber. There are several chains which contain Calcium Oxalic acid in the cortical parenchyma of the fibrous root and much more serried at its tip. In the root cuhured in water,little Calcium Oxalic acid is found. The comparison between the fibril of the root cultured in water and the fibrous root indicates that amor- phous substances located in the cavity of the former is fewer that those of the latter. The paper arrives at the conclusion：When the fibrous root of O.japonicus turns into the root tuber, the function of cell and tissue mechanism has changed. This change acts on the cell level, resulting in the herb utilization of the fibrous root of O. japonicus. The Calcium Oxalic acid is absorbed from the soil or is synthesized at the tip of a fibrous root through a certain chemical reaction. Then it is transmitted along the parenchyma in the fibrous root and some of them is stored in the root tuber of O. japonicus.