上海市学龄儿童电视和电脑使用对睡眠行为的影响

Impact of television-watching and computer-using on sleep patterns and sleep problems of school-aged children in Shanghai

目的研究上海市学龄儿童电视和电脑使用对就寝/晨起习惯、睡眠时间和睡眠问题的影响。方法采用多级整群抽样,对上海市10所小学一到五年级的4108名学龄儿童进行问卷调查。采用自制问卷调查儿童电视和电脑使用情况、个人及家庭状况;采用中文版儿童睡眠习惯问卷调查儿童的睡眠行为。采用多元线性回归和逐步Logistic回归分析方法,研究电视和电脑使用对儿童就寝/晨起习惯、睡眠时间和睡眠问题的影响。结果4.1%的儿童平时(非周末)平均每天看电视时间≥2h,周末看电视时间≥2h的儿童占49.2%。88.2%的儿童"偶尔"(0～1次/周)使用电脑,11.0%的儿童"经常"(2～4次/周)使用电脑,0.8%的儿童"几乎每天"(5～7次/周)使用电脑。随着年龄的增长,每天看电视时间≥2h和"经常"使用电脑的比例逐渐上升。多元线性回归和逐步Logistic回归分析显示,电视和电脑使用可使儿童就寝时间和晨起时间推迟,睡眠时间缩短,并且是导致儿童就寝习惯不良、入睡潜伏期延长、睡眠持续时间不规律、睡眠焦虑和异态睡眠的危险因素。结论看电视和使用电脑对儿童睡眠行为的影响不仅体现在就寝/晨起习惯和睡眠时间上,而且会导致多种睡眠问题。关注电视和电脑使用对儿童睡眠行为的潜在不良影响,有助于促进儿童培养健康的睡眠习惯和改善睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate the effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems of school-aged children in Shanghai. Methods A total of 4 108 school-aged children from 10 primary schools of Shanghai were enrolled by multi-stage cluster sampling and surveyed by questionnaires. The information of television-watching and computer-using, family and personal condition was investigated by self-prepared questionnaire, and the Chinese version of Children＇s Sleep Habits Questionnaire was employed to survey the sleep behaviors of children. The effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results The percentage of children who watched television ≥2 h per day was 4.1% during weekdays, and that came to 49.2% during weekends. In terms of frequency of computer-using, most children reported ＂rarely＂ （88.2%, 0 - 1 time/week）, followed by ＂often＂ （ 11.0%, 2 - 4 times/ week） and ＂usually＂ （0. 8%, 5 -7 times/week）. With the age increase, the percentages of children who watched television≥ 2 h per day and those who ＂often＂ used computer gradually increased. It was revealed by multiple linear regression analysis and Logistic regression analysis that television-watching and computer-using were not only positively correlated with later bedtime, later wake time and shorter sleep duration but also significantly associated with sleep problems such as bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration disorder, sleep anxiety and parasomnia. Conclusion Television-watching and computer-using exert influences on sleep behaviors of sleep/wake patterns, sleep duration and sleep problems. Concerns about the potential negative effects of television-watching and computer-using on sleep behaviors may help to promote healthy sleep patterns and improve sleep quality.