语言迟缓儿童家庭语言环境的研究

Study of influential factors in family on late talkers

目的探讨语言迟缓儿童的不良家庭语言环境因素。方法对上海10个区的24～35月龄健康足月上海户籍儿童进行整群抽样调查。将词汇量少于30定义为语言迟缓。对相关环境因素进行单因素分析和Logistic逐步回归分析。结果有效抽样2774人,检出语言迟缓儿童115人,检出率4.1%。以26个环境因素为自变量进行单因素分析,发现危险因素9项;进一步的Logistic逐步回归分析显示具有统计学意义的危险因素5项,分别为常居住地为城区、父亲文化程度低于初中、使用单一语言、带养人为男性及带养人少与儿童交流。结论避免危险因素及提供良好的家庭语言环境,有助于预防语言迟缓的发生。

Objective To identify the influential factors in family on late talkers. Methods A cluster sampling survey was conducted on Shanghai healthy children aged 24 months to 35 months from 10 districts. Children with vocabularies less than 30 were identified as late talkers. Univariate analysis and Logistic stepwise regression analysis were performed to analyse the related environmental factors. Results There were 2 774 effective samples, and 115 late talkers （4. 1%） were identified. Nine risk factors were found out from 26 environmental factors by univariate analysis, among which 5 were further identified by Logistic stepwise regression analysis as significant risk factors： urban life, education of father lower than middle school, using one language, male caregiver and lack of communication between child and caregiver. Conclusion Avoiding risk factors and providing favourable language environment may help to prevent language delay in children.