7～14岁儿童情绪识别特点初步分析

Preliminary analysis of emotion recognition in children aged 7-14 years

目的研究7～14岁儿童情绪识别的特点。方法选取961名7～14岁的中、小学生为研究对象,采用前期编制的儿童情感图片库分别进行愉悦度、唤醒度和优势度的情绪评分,分析情绪各维度评分间的关系及其在不同性别和年龄受试儿童间的差异。结果对于正性图片(愉悦度评分>6),愉悦度与唤醒度和优势度评分呈显著正相关(r=0.56,r=0.40,P<0.01);对于中性图片(愉悦度评分4～6),愉悦度与唤醒度评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.70,P<0.01),与优势度评分呈显著正相关(r=0.69,P<0.01);对于负性图片(愉悦度评分<4),唤醒度与优势度评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.95,P<0.01)。不同性别受试者情绪各项维度评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄受试者唤醒度和优势度评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);年龄与唤醒度评分呈弱负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.01),与优势度评分呈弱正相关(r=0.10,P<0.01)。结论儿童的情绪识别存在性别和年龄的差异,不同性质图片的情绪维度评定亦不相同,需在今后相关研究中考虑这些因素的影响。

Objective To explore the characteristics of emotion recognition in children aged 7 - 14 years. Methods Nine hundred and sixty-one students aged 7 - 14 years were enrolled to rate the emotion dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance with the scale of Native Chinese Affective Picture System for Children. The relationship among scores of each emotion dimension was analysed, and the differences in age and gender of each emotion dimension were determined. Results For positive pictures （ score of valence 〉 6）, the score of valence was positively related to that of arousal and dominace （r= 0. 56, r = 0. 40, P 〈 0. 01）. For neutral pictures （score of valence 4 - 6）, the score of valence was negatively related to that of arousal （ r = - 0.70, P 〈 0.01） and positively related to that of dominance （ r = 0.69, P 〈 0.01）. For negative pictures （score of valence 〈 4）, the score of arousal was negatively related to that of dominance （r = -0.95, P 〈0.01）. There were significant differences in scores of emotion dimensions between genders （P 〈0.05）. There were significant differences in scores of arousal and dominance among children with different ages （P 〈 0.01）. Age was weakly negatively related to score of arousal （ r = - 0. 18, P 〈 0.01）, and was weakly positively related to that of dominance （ r = 0.10, P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusion There are significant differences in age and gender for emotion recognition in children, and the ratings are various among pictures with different characteristics, which needs to be considered in further researches.