北京市海淀区企业职业卫生自我认知水平的调查

Investigation on Self-cognition of Occupational Health among Enterprises in Haidian District of Beijing

目的调查在职业卫生分级管理中企业的自我认知情况,分析企业自我认知水平与企业职业卫生状况之间的关系。方法采用《上海市职业卫生量化分级评分表》,对北京市海淀区71家企业的职业卫生管理人员进行培训,并由其按照统一标准对所在企业的职业卫生状况进行自评(企业自评分),收集企业职业卫生相关资料并结合现场监督检查以及工作场所职业病危害因素普查资料,由研究人员采用相同的评分表按相同标准对企业的职业卫生状况进行评分(调查评分),分析企业自评分与调查评分之间的差异,并以企业自评分与调查评分之间的差值反映企业自我认知水平,分析其与企业职业卫生状况的关系。结果根据统一的分级标准,企业自评的分级结果与调查的分级结果不同(χ2=82.02,P<0.01)。企业自评平均分为69.23,中位数为80.00;调查评分的平均分为42.58,中位数为36.82。企业自评分与调查评分之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。企业自评分与调查评分差值较小的企业(即自我认知水平较高的企业),A级与B级企业所占比例较高(χ2=64.77,P<0.01)。结论纳入研究的企业整体职业卫生水平与职业卫生自我认知水平较低。企业的职业卫生自我认知水平越高,企业的职业卫生状况也就越好,应加强对企业的职业卫生培训与教育。

[Objective] To investigate the self-cognition of occupational health among enterprises which are included in the occupational health grading management, analyze the relationship between self-cognition and occupational health status of enterprises. [Methods] The ＂score scale for occupational health quantification and classification of Shanghai＂ was adopted to train 71 enterprises＂ occupational health managers who conducted self-evaluation on occupational health status of their enterprises （self-evaluation score）, according to unified standards. Relevant information on occupational health in combination with site supervision and inspection as well as census data of occupational hazards in the workplace were collected by researchers, the same score sheet was used to evaluate the occupational health status（survey score）, according to the same standards. The difference between self-evaluation score and survey score was analyzed, and the difference which reflected the level of self- cognition was used to analyze the relationship with the occupational health status. [Results] According to the unified classification standard, the classification was different between self-evaluation score and survey score （X^2 = 82.02, P 〈 0.01）. A significant difference （ P 〈 0.01） was found between the self-evaluation score （ mean = 69.23, median = 80.00 ） and the survey score （mean = 42.58, median = 36.82 ）. The enterprises which had the smaller difference between the self-evaluation score and the survey score （That is the enterprises with high levels of self- cognition） were more likely to be A class or B class enterprises （x^2 = 64.77, P 〈 0. 01 ）. [Conclusion] The overall levels of occupational health and self-cognition in enterprises included in the study were low. The higher level of self-cognition the enterprise has, the better occupational health status it gets. It is important to strengthen the education of occupational health on enterprise.