两种冶炼工艺对作业工人健康影响的比较

Comparison of Effects of 2 Types of Smelting Processes on Health of Exposed Workers

目的探讨2种不同冶炼生产工艺下职业病有害因素对作业工人健康的影响。方法采用原子吸收分光光度计石墨炉法对尿铅含量进行测定,运用t和χ2检验对结果进行统计分析。结果传统工艺所测铅烟、二氧化硫浓度分别为(1.023±0.931)、(3.753±1.631)mg/m3,新工艺则分别为(0.308±0.166)、(1.227±0.903)mg/m3,传统工艺与新工艺所测铅烟、二氧化硫浓度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在所调查的63个项目中有鼻干、腹痛、乏力、牙齿松动4项接触组明显高于对照组(P<0.01);职业健康检查中有贫血、慢性支气管炎、尿潜血、慢性鼻炎、慢性结膜炎、肝功能接触组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);2组炉前工的尿铅超标人数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论通过技术改造后车间铅烟、二氧化硫等职业病危害因素浓度明显下降,职业病危害因素对作业工人的健康影响有明显改善。

[Objective] To explore the effects of occupational hazards caused by 2 types of smelting processes on health of exposed workers. [Methods] Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer was applied to measure lead content of urine, t test and X^2 test were used to analyze results statistically. [ Results ] Measured by traditional crafts, the content of lead and sulfur dioxide concentration was （ 1. 023 ± 0.931 ） mg/m^3 and （ 3. 753 ± 1.631 ） mg/m^3 ; （ 0.308 ± 0. 166 ） mg/m^3 and （ 1. 227± 0.903 ） mg/m^3 by new techniques, the differences were significant （ P 〈 0.05）. In the occupational health examination, anemia, chronic bronchitis, uri- nary occult blood, chronic rhinitis, chronic conjunctivitis, liver function of exposed group was more serious than that of control group significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the difference of the number of workers with excessive urine lead between 2 groups was significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] After technical reform, concentrations of occupational hazards such as lead smoke and sulfur dioxide decrease significantly, and the effect on health of workers has improved obviously.