大庆油田钻井工人主要职业病危害因素的调查

Investigation of Major Occupational Hazards among Drilling Workers of Daqing Oil Field

目的将传统工艺引起的局部振动与现代化技术引起的噪声2种职业病危害因素进行比对,研究哪种职业病危害因素现今对大庆油田钻井工人健康损害最大,有利于重新分析钻井工人所接触的职业病危害因素,以保护劳动者的利益、防治职业病的发生。方法选工龄2a以上的980名钻井男工为调查对象,平均年龄(30±5)岁,在进行职业健康检查时,按局部振动所规定的体检项目再加上电测听检查,结合现场检测数据,将检查结果进行分析比对。结果钻井工人听力下降人数为80人,占8.16%;振动觉和痛觉改变13人,占1.33%。听力下降检出率明显高于手部末梢循环和(或)手臂神经功能改变检出率。结论噪声比振动对钻井工人的危害大。

[Objective] To compare the 2 occupational hazards of local vibration caused by traditional process and noise caused by modem technology, and investigate which one has greater impact on drilling workers＇health so as to reanalyze the occupational hazards of oilfield drilling, protect the interests of workers, and prevent occupational disease. [Methods] A total of 980 male workers whose Lengths of service were more than 2 years were selected as investigation objects, the average age was （30 ± 5） years old. During occupational health examination, based on physical examination required by local vibration, electric response audiometry combined with field test data were analyzed. [Results] Totally 80 drilling workers （8.16%） suffered heating loss, sense of vibration and pain changed on 13 workers （1.33%）. The detection rate of hearing loss was significantly higher than that of changes of peripheral circulation in hand and ann nerve function. [Conclusion] Noise is more hazardous than vibration to drilling workers＇health.