缺少的分享——喜马拉雅东部(中国云南西北部)作为“整体社会事实”的分享的仪式语言

The Missing Share——The Titual Language of Sharing as a"Total Social fact"in the Eastern Himalayas(Northwest Yunnan,China)

中华人民共和国成立以前,云南西北部怒江、独龙江流域居住的独龙族、怒族等邻近族群之间存在着一种共通的"仪式语言"。这种仪式语言通过宗教祭祀活动以及分享杀牲后的肉食过程体现出来。在这一地域社会中,各种社会、政治和经济关系都依赖于这种仪式语言展开。虽然目前这种分享的仪式日渐式微,但分享的意识依然体现着族群内部的"社会结合"方式。通过独龙族仪式语言的个案分析,旨在与利奇关于克钦社会的"仪式语言"研究进行对话。

Before the foundation of PRC, there have been a common ceremonial language among some ethnic groups such as Derung and Nu nationality who living in valley of Nujiang river and Dulongjiang river which are located in northwestward of Yunnan province. This ceremonial language is expressed by sacrifice and sharing the meat of the animals dedicated to the spirits. In this area, the relations of society, economy and politics are dependent on this ceremonial language. At the present time, the ceremony of sharing meat is declining, but the consciousness about share still reflects the social combining pattern of these ethnic groups. According the case of Derung, this text is an attempt to discuss the theory of ceremonial language in Kachin society advanced by Edmund Leach.