公路收费站作业环境有害因素的监测与分析

Investigation on Harmful Factors in Operating Environment of Highway Toll Stations

目的监测与评价公路收费站作业环境状况,为加强收费站工作人员的个人防护和职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法采用GB 3095-96环境空气质量标准、GBZ 1-2002工业企业设计卫生标准、GBZ 2-2002工作场所有害因素职业接触限值等标准检测和采样规范中的方法,对某省内10个收费站亭内外作业环境因素进行监测与分析。结果收费站车流量为835-2734辆/h,车型以货车和客车为主;收费亭内外作业环境空气中CO、NO2、SO2、Pb、TSP和PM10的浓度均超过《环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-96)》中二级标准;国道收费站作业环境空气中CO、NO2和SO2的浓度明显高于省道收费站;空气中Pb、TSP和PM10的浓度,省道收费站高于国道收费站;收费亭内外的交通噪声强度分别为(83.4±2.5)和(89.6±3.1)dB(A),等效声级分别为(78.4±2.5)和(82.9±2.6)LAeqdB(A),频谱特性为高、中、低频率均有的非稳态噪声,超过国家规定交通干线两侧,每小时车流量在100辆以上的公路昼间标准70 Leq dB(A);收费亭内外振动强度(ahw)分别为(4.5±1.7)和(3.4±1.4)m/s2,收费亭内高于亭外。结论公路收费站作业环境较差,受多种有害因素的作用和污染,建议应加强个人防护和职业健康监护。

[ Objective] To monitor and evaluate the operating environment of highway toll stations, and provide scientific evidence for personal protection and occupational health surveillance among toll station staff. [ Methods ] Ambient air quality standards GB 3095 - 96, health standards for industrial enterprises design GBZ 1 - 2002, exposure limit for workplace hazards GBZ 2 - 2002 were applied to perform monitoring and analysis on environmental factors both inside and outside 10 booths. [ Results] The vehicle flow through the station was 835 - 2734 / h, truck and bus to the main. The indoor and outdoor concentration of CO, NO2 , SO2, Pb, TSP and PM10 were higher than the secondary standard of GB 3095 -96. The air concentration of CO, NO2 and SO2 in national highway toll stations were higher than that in the provincial highway; while, the air concentration of Pb, TSP and PM10 were on the contrary. The indoor and outdoor traffic noise level was （ 83.4± 2.5） and （ 89.6 ± 3.1 ） dB （ A ） respectively; equivalent sound level was （ 78.4 ± 2.5 ） and （ 82.9 ± 2.6） Lλoq dB （ A ） respectively. The frequency spectrum characteristic was unsteady noise with high, medium and low frequencies, which beyond the national standards of 70 Leq dB （ A ） on both sides of the traffic line in days with vehicle flow of more than 100/h. The vibration level in and out the toll stations were （4.5 ± 1.7 ） and （3.4 ＋ 1.4 ） m/s^2. [ Conclusion ] The working environment of highway toll booths was poor, and affected by various hazards, it is suggested to strengthen the personal protection and occupational health surveillance.