某矿区周边农村砷污染对村民健康的影响分析

Effect of Mining Area Surrounding Arsenic Contamination on Rural Residents' Health

目的了解某矿区周边2 km砷污染对村民的健康影响程度,探讨预防控制措施。方法应用现场流行病学、卫生学、职业医学与实验室检测相结合的方法,对A、B 2个村开展现场调查。结果2个村70.2%(450/641)的村民出现了尿砷超标,64.58%(93/144)出现头痛等神经症状,有消化道症状的占41.67%,发病村民大都饮用A村地下河自抽自来水,该水含砷2.58 mg/L,村民水柜水砷为4.90 mg/L。矿区停工2个月后,地下河水砷降低到0.001 mg/L(正常限值)以下。驱砷2个疗程后,村民尿砷恢复至正常水平。结论调查村出现了地下水砷污染。建议加强矿区环保监管,加强饮水水质监测,保障村民健康安全。

[ Objective ] To investigate the effect of arsenic contamination on rural residents＇health who lived in the area of 2 km surrounding the mining area, and explore the control measures. [ Methods ] The integration of field epidemiology, occupational medicine and laboratory tests was adopted to conduct field investigation on Village A and B. [ Results]70.2% （450/641） residents of the 2 villages had over-standard urine arsenic ; 64.58% （ 93/144 ） had neurological symptoms such as headache; 41.67% had gastrointestinal symptoms. Most of the patients had drunk the water pumped from underground river in Village A. It contained arsenic of 2.58mg/L,the arsenic level of water in tanks of residents home was 4.90 mg/L which decreased down to 0.001 mg/L（ normal limit） after mining lay-off for 2 month. Treating arsenic poisoning for 2 courses, the levels of urine arsenic returned to normal. [ Conclusion] The groundwater of the investigated villages has been contaminated by arsenic. It is suggested to strengthen the supervision of the environmental protection of mining area and the monitoring of drinking water quality, so as to ensure the health and safety of the residents.