上海浦东新区56924例妇女月经初潮年龄调查

Survey on age of menarche in 56 924 women recruited from Pudong district of Shanghai

目的调查上海浦东新区妇女的月经初潮年龄。方法对参加2007年1月至2008年7月上海浦东新区宫颈癌筛查的、年龄在20-81岁的56924例妇女，进行月经初潮年龄的问卷调查。被调查妇女按每5岁1个年龄段，从≤25岁开始，到〉75岁，分为12个年龄组；初潮年龄按每1岁记录从最小初潮年龄开始，1岁1组，连续记录到〉20岁，分为12组。采用方差分析方法比较各组平均初潮年龄；采用x。检验分析并计算各组10-12岁和〉18岁初潮者的百分率。结果（1）被调查妇女最早初潮年龄为10岁，最晚初潮年龄为28岁，平均初潮年龄为15．7岁。26-30岁年龄组平均初潮年龄为14．6岁，随着年龄的增加，初潮年龄也呈增大趋势，〉75岁组平均初潮年龄最大，为16．5岁，不同年龄组妇女平均初潮年龄比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（2）10-12岁初潮者占总人数的1．82％（1034／56924）。31-35岁组中10-12岁初潮者比例最高，为4．45％（197／4431）；随着年龄的增加，10-12岁初潮者比例呈降低趋势，71-75岁组中，10～12岁初潮者比例最低，为0．84％（10／1191）；各年龄组10-12岁初潮者比例比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。〉18岁初潮者占总人数的5．20％（2959／56924），31-35岁组〉18岁初潮者比例最低，为0．38％（17／4431）；随着年龄的增加，〉18岁初潮者比例呈升高趋势，〉75岁组中，初潮年龄〉18岁者的比例最高，为14．70％（91／619）；各年龄组〉18岁初潮者比例比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论上海浦东新区20-81岁妇女平均初潮年龄随着年龄的年轻化呈提前趋势，并且10-12岁初潮者比例相应增多，〉18岁初潮者比例呈逐渐降低趋势。

Objective To survey age of menarche in Pudong district in Shanghai. Methods Data in this study were derived from 56 924 women at age of 20 -81 years in screening for cervical cancer between January 2007 and July 2008 in Pudong district. The age of menarche were recorded in a questionnaire. To investigate the trends in age at menarche in different socioeconomic status, the subjects were divided into 12 groups in 5-year birth cohorts. The mean menarche age in each group was analyzed by analysis of variance（ANOVA）. The percentage of menarche age at 10 - 12 years and more than 18 years was analyzed by X2 method. Results （ 1 ） The minimum age of menarche recorded is 10 years old, and the maximum is 28 years old, with average age of menarche at 15.7 years. In all groups, the smallest average age of menarche is 14. 6 years in 26 -30 years old age group, while the biggest average age of menarehe age is 16.5 years in 〉 75 years old group; The difference showed statistical significance （P 〈 0. 01 ）. （2） The percentages for participants with early menarche age （ 10 - 12 years old） or late menarche age （ 〉 18-year- old menarche） were 1.82% （ 1034/56 924） and 5.20 % （2959/56 924） respectively. However, the maximum percentage for early menarche was recorded in 31 -35 years old group （4. 45% , 197/4431 ） , only 0. 84% （ 10/1191 ） of participants in 〉75 years old group was classified as early menarche. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage for late menarche was 0. 38% （ 17/4431 ） in 31 - 35 years old group, and the highest percentage was 14. 70% （91/619） in 〉 75 years old group. The changes in the percentages for earlymenarche or late menarche are significantly associated with age differences （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion The study suggested that the average of onset age of menarche in Pudong district has declined over the past decades in an age-based way, accompanied with the increase of the percentage for early menarche and the decrease of percentage for late menarche.