默顿规范是高标准吗?

Are Merton's Norms Too High to Reach?

很多学者认为默顿规范适用于"小科学"时代的要求,如今的科学体制化经历了从"小科学"到"大科学"的演变,学界对默顿规范的质疑也越来越强烈。默顿规范真的过时了吗?默顿规范的标准真的是高标准吗?带着这两个焦点问题,我们来重新解读默顿规范,发现正是由于一些学者对默顿规范的错误理解,特别是对祛私利性规范翻译和理解的偏差,把本来是不能再低的底线行为标准,理解为是对科学家难以达到的高标准要求。从而得出默顿规范已经过时了的错误结论。默顿规范标准不仅现在没有过时,将来也不可能过时,因为离开了默顿规范的科学必将名存实亡。

Many scholars argue that Merton＇s Norms are applicable only in the ＂little science＂ time. As the institution of science has undergone huge changes from ＂little science＂ to ＂big science＂, Merton^s Norms are placed in doubt more and more seriously. Then, is it true that Merton＇s Norms are outdated？ Are these norms too high to reach？ With ＇these two questions, we come to unscramble the norms again. In this article, it turns out that due to the misunderstandings of some scholars, especially about the norm of ＂disinterest＂, Merton＇s bottom--line standards are misunderstood as norms that are hardly reachable and as a result out of date. Actually, Merton＇s Norms are not and will not be out of time, or else, science will exist in name only.