世界银行贷款中国疾病预防(卫生Ⅶ)项目计划免疫知识 态度 行为调查报告

A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice survey Report on Expanded Program on Immunization Which Received World Bank Loan For Diseases Prevention Project (Health Ⅶ) In China

１９９７年７月在广西壮族自治区和甘肃省开展了计划免疫知识、态度和行为（ＫＡＰ）调查。采用按容量比例概率分层随机抽样方法，抽取２５２０名适龄儿童及其监护人和６３７名县、乡、村计划免疫工作人员作为调查对象。结果表明，计划免疫工作薄弱地区多属贫困山区或少数民族聚集、居民文化水平较低、计划免疫服务半径大、冷链不能正常运转、计划免疫工作不受重视、工作人员缺少积极性的地区。儿童家长普遍缺乏免疫接种知识，但他们对口服脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）疫苗（ＯＰＶ）的了解多于其它疫苗，这可能与消灭脊灰社会宣传力度较大有关。计划免疫工作较好地区儿童家长的计划免疫知识掌握情况好于薄弱地区。９８％以上的儿童家长对计划免疫持信任态度。约８０％的儿童家长对乡村医生有较高的信任度和良好的依从性，但５０％以上的居民还是对免疫接种缺乏主动性。最基层的计划免疫工作人员普遍反映的生活待遇低、工作辛苦、自身的知识水平需要提高、不受上级重视的局面需要改变。计划免疫工作薄弱地区，工作环境条件差、资金短缺是影响计划免疫工作的主要障碍。在现有条件下，提高计划免疫服务质量最有效的方法是通过开展社会宣传动员，提高居民和计划免疫服务提供者的计划免疫知识水平。本调查为制定我国?

A knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey was conduced in Guangxi and Gansu Provinces in July 1997 The PPS sampling method was adopted to select subjects 2 520 two-year old children and their caretakers and 637 EPI staff were figured in this survey Results showed that the characters of poor EPI work areas were: poverty, mountainous areas, minority located areas, residents with low educational level, hard for EPI service, cold-chain could not run in gear, EPI work has not been paid more attention, staff were short of positivity Also the results illustrated that most of the caretakers lacked of EPI knowledge They knew oral polio vaccine (OPV) better than other vaccines The caretakers whose children had been completely immunized knew more EPI knowledge than the caretakers whose children had not been completely immunized did There were more than 98% caretakers trusted EPI About at least 80% of the caretakers believed village doctors with compliance, but less than half of the caretakers used to get the immunization on their own initiative EPI staff thought that they had hard work, but the payments for their work were lower than expected, and their work were paid little attention by superior The results illustrated that lacking of fund was the main obstacle in the areas where the EPI works were poor On this condition, the most effective way to increase the quality of EPI service is to propagandize for the public Meanwhile, EPI knowledge of caretakers should be improved and the EPI work should be conducted actively This survey provided basis for IEC program