像元尺度林地冠层二向反射特性的模拟研究

The Research on Bidirectional Reflectance Computer Simulation of Forest Canopy at Pixel Scale

计算机模拟模型是以计算机图形学方法生成的植被真实结构场景为基础,利用辐射度方法模拟植被冠层的辐射特性。文章将这种方法拓展到遥感像元尺度林冠二向反射光谱特性的模拟。由于模拟像元尺度的林地真实场景需要大量面元组成,而辐射度方法无法承受如此多的面元计算。为了解决这一问题,文章提出了简化树冠结构的思想,将树冠抽象为椭球体,根据光在真实树冠内部能量传输的特点为简化的椭球体面元赋值,并将真实树冠间的间隙率考虑其中,结合几何光学模型的思想完成了像元尺度林地场景冠层二向反射光谱特性的模拟。并将模拟结果与GOMS模型、MISR多角度遥感数据进行了比较,取得了比较好的结果。研究结果对多角度遥感数据应用和植被冠层结构参数反演具有重要价值。

Computer simulation is based on computer graphics to generate the realistic 3D structure scene of vegetation, and to simulate the canopy regime using radiosity method. In the present paper, the authors expand the computer simulation model to simulate forest canopy bidirectional reflectance at pixel scale. But usually, the trees are complex structures, which are tall and have many branches. So there is almost a need for hundreds of thousands or even millions of facets to built up the realistic structure scene for the forest. It is difficult for the radiosity method to compute so many facets. In order to make the radiosity method to simulate the forest scene at pixel scale, in the authors＇ research, the authors proposed one idea to simplify the structure of forest crowns, and abstract the crowns to ellipsoids. And based on the optical characteristics of the tree component and the characteristics of the internal energy transmission of photon in real crown, the authors valued the optical characteristics of ellipsoid surface facets. In the computer simulation of the forest, with the idea of geometrical optics model, the gap model is considered to get the forest canopy bidirectional reflectance at pixel scale. Comparing the computer simulation results with the CA）MS model, and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer （MISR） multi-angle remote sensing data, the simulation results are in agreement with the GOMS simulation result and MISR BRF. But there are also some problems to be solved. So the authors can conclude that the study has important value for the application of multi-angle remote sensing and the inversion of vegetation canopy structure parameters.