荧光原位杂交在膀胱癌诊断中的应用研究进展

Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of bladder cancer

荧光原位杂交技术是应用荧光分子标记的核苷酸探针在细胞水平检测染色体和基因改变的试验方法。UmVysion是一种利用荧光原位杂交技术在尿液中诊断膀胱癌的方法，通过4种荧光标记的DNA探针，即3、7、17号染色体着丝粒区域探针以及定位p16抑癌基因的9p21位点特异探针对膀胱癌相关遗传学改变进行检测。研究证实UroVysion在膀胱癌各种分期分级中的诊断敏感性均高于尿细胞学分析。UroVysion被美国FDA认证用于膀胱癌复发的监测及在无膀胱癌病史的血尿患者尿液中诊断膀胱癌。此外UroVysion还在评估卡介苗对膀胱癌患者疗效等方面有一定作用。

Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） is a kind of technique that uses fluorescently labeled DNA probes to assess cells for genetic alterations. UroVysion is a technique that uses FISH to detect bladder cancer in the voided urine by four fluoreseently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 （ CEP3 ） ,7 （ CEP7）, and 17 （ CEP17 ） and to the 9p21 locus （ LSI 9p21 ） location of the pl6 tumor suppressor gene. It is reported that sensitivity of FISH was higher than cytology for the detection of all stages and grades of bladder cancer. FDA has approved UroVysion for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine specimens from patients with a history of bladder cancer in the year 2001 and from patients with gross or microscopic hematuria but no previous history of bladder cancer in the year 2005. Furthermore, UroVysion can benefit the assessment of bladder cancer patients receiving BCG treatment.