化疗药敏试验的研究现状

Research actuality of chemosensitivity testing in chemotherapy

本文从发展历史、具体方法、临床应用3个方面阐述化疗药敏试验的研究现状。化疗药敏试验是实现肿瘤患者个体化治疗的重要途径，历经60余年，发展为体内法、体外法两大类共10多种方法。药敏试验的基本步骤包括原代肿瘤细胞培养、化疗药混合、反应物混合、观察指标检测和结果分析。本文重点介绍裸鼠肾包膜下人癌模型法、区别染色细胞法、四氮唑盐比色法、三磷酸腺苷一生物荧光肿瘤药敏检测技术、胶原凝胶包埋培养法、靶向分子敏感性测定法6种实验方法的基本原理、主要步骤和特点。通过几个临床试验的结果可以看出，药敏试验指导下的化疗在有效率、中位无进展生存时间、生存期、临床完全缓解率、病理完全缓解率等方面与经验化疗相比有显著改善。

This paper explains the research status of chemotherapy sensitivity test in three aspects of history of development, specific methods and clinical application. Chemotherapy sensitivity test is an important way to achieve individual treatment of cancer, after more than 60 years, there are two major categories （ in vivo method and in vitro method） of more than 10 kinds of methods. The basic steps of sensitivity test include culture of primary tumor cells, chemotherapy drugs mixed, the reaction mixture, observing the results of detection and analysis of indicators. This paper focuses on basic principles, main steps and characteristics of six methods, such as the renal capsule of nude mice model of human cancer, the difference between staining cell, tetrazolium salt colorimetric, adenosine triphosphate based bioluminescence tumor chemosensitivity assay, collagen gel embedded culture method and targeting molecule sensitivity assay. Through the results of several clinical trials,, it can be seen that chemotherapy under the guidance of drug sensitivity test significantly improved more than experience chemotherapy in efficient rate, median progression-free survival time, survival time, clinical complete remission rate, pathological complete remission rate, etc.