控释尿素用量与施用方式对玉米产量形成和氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Applying Rate and Method of Controlled-release Urea on Yield Formation and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

以常规尿素为对照，研究了控释尿素用量与施用方式对玉米氮素利用和产量的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量的增加，玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累量、籽粒产量及籽粒蛋白质含量和产量均显著增加。施氮水平相同时，玉米氮肥利用率、产量和品质均表现为：控释尿素底施〉控释尿素侧施〉常规尿素侧施。与控释尿素侧施相比，底施分别使籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白产量和氮肥利用率提高4．8％-7．7％、5．6％～8．2％和13．9％-28．3％，均达显著水平。综合分析表明，与常规尿素和控释尿素侧施相比，底施包膜控释尿素150kgN／hm^2能够显著提高玉米氮肥利用率，提高其产量和品质。

With normal urea as control, the experiment was carried out to study the effects of the application rate and method of controlled - release urea on the N utilization and yield of maize. The results showed that,with the increase of N rate, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, grain yield, grain protein content and yield of maize increased significantly. At the same N level, the nitrogen use efficiency, yield and quality of maize showed bottom application of controlled - release urea 〉 side dressing of controlled - release urea 〉 side dressing of normal urea. Compared with side dressing, the bottom application of controlled - release urea significantly increased the grain yield by 4.8% -7.7%, grain protein yield by 5.6% -8.2%, the N use efficiency by 13.90% - 28.3%. In conclusion, bottom application of controlled- release urea 150 kgN/hm^2 could increase the N use efficiency significantly,the yield and quality of maize.