野马分布区的近代变迁

The Change on the Distribufion Area of the Wild Horse in the Modern Times

举世闻名的普氏野马(Wild horse,Equus przewalskii),曾广泛分布于亚洲原野。但是,近一个世纪来,它的分布区不断退缩,种群数量日益减少,从亚洲中部销声匿迹,已近20年。自十九世纪末叶(1876)欧洲野马(Equus caballus gmelini)从乌克兰原野消失后,普氏野马便成世界上唯一生存的野生马。但是,它的命运并不比欧洲野马好多少,在不到一个世纪的时期内,特别是近半个世纪来,由于人类经济开发的侵扰,其生存受到严重威胁,已濒临绝种。为此,国际自然与自然保护同盟(IUCN),将其订为E级(濒危种),

The wild horse(Equus przewalskii)was disappeared from the open country in the central Asia nearly for twenty years. Its survivalcondition has been causing widespread interest and concern. InAugust, 1980, in September to November, 1981 and in July, 1982, wehave conducted a special investigation for the Wild horse. The rangeof our inspection at the area from N41°30′to 47°10′and E89°to 99.The total area covered about 100,000 square km.Though we did not see the Wild horse in the process of fieldinvestigation, according to the result of field investigation and thetrend of ecogeographical environmental change in the Wild horse'sdistribution area, we inferred that there might be still the survivalof the Wild horse on the border area between China and Mongolia atthe east of Beita Mt.only.According to the history record, the distribution area of theWild horse marked by Sokolov in 1959 was expansive and amounted to300,000 km square.The distribution area at the end of the 19th centuryde scribed by Bannikov in 1980 was only about 150,000 square km.Thedistribution area in Mongolia by the end of the 1940's was about15,000 square km, and the distribution area by the end of the 1950'swas about 20,000 square km, both of which were marked by Bannikovin 1954 and 1958. We have marked the present possible distributionarea of the Wild horse which is located at the east of Beita Mt.N44′44′to 45′13′, E 91°46′to 93°50′, where there is an area ofabout 10,000 square km.