从古书体例辨“论大道则先黄老而后六经”

A Comment on "Huang-Lao Thought is More Important Than that of Liu Jing"

班固对司马迁"论大道则先黄老而后六经"的总体评价,因将司马迁与其父的思想混为一谈而颇受指摘。晚近学者以为,《史记》中表现了道家思想倾向,故有班说。但这种解释较为笼统。本文从古书体例的角度进行研究,认为《太史公自序》承载着《史记》叙录的功能,并且是一篇以司马迁和司马谈为主要人物的合传。《论六家要指》一文具有"经说"体的结构特征,极有可能是司马氏父子的合著。由此得出的结论是,《论六家要指》是《太史公自序》中一个不可缺少的有机部分,它反映了汉初思想的总体状况和司马迁的家学渊源,是对《史记》的创作产生深远影响的理论起点。所以,从古书体例来看,"论大道则先黄老而后六经"用在司马迁身上,不失为一个正确而又精当的论断。

Ban Gu＇s comment on Sima Qian＇s ＂Huang-Lao thought is more important than that of Liu Jing＂ is impugned for confusing Sima Qian and his father. Modem scholars believe that Ban Gu＇s comment come from the Taoism reflected in Shi Ji. This article argues that the author＇s preface of Shi Ji can be regarded as a biography of Sima Qian and Sima Tan. The Main Ideas of Six Schools, as an indispensable part of the Preface of Shi Ji, was written by Sima Qian and Sima Tan. This part, as the theoretic start, shows the main thoughts of the beginning of Han dynasty and sources of Sima Qian＇s ideas. Therefore, Ban Gu＇s comment on Sima Qian can be Key words：