某市小学生洗手相关知识与行为调查

Handwashing Related Knowledge and Behavior Among Pupils in One City

目的了解某市在校小学生洗手相关知识和行为,为开展小学生的卫生干预提供依据。方法采取单纯随机抽样的方法,在广东省某市随机抽取5所小学,从每所小学的各年级分别随机抽取9人,对有效调查的238名小学生进行洗手相关知识与行为的问卷调查。结果小学生洗手行为中,饭前和便后洗手的比例最高;便后、体育课后和打扫卫生后洗手的比例高年级高于低年级(χ2趋=16.5,10.8,9.5,P值均<0.01);使用洗手液或肥皂的频次高年级高于低年级(H=9.0,P<0.05),女生高于男生(Z=-2.6,P<0.01);对洗手可防疾病的知晓率高年级高于低年级(P值均<0.05);对洗手过程知识的知晓率高年级高于低年级(χ趋2=15.4,15.9,34.0,7.9,P值均<0.01);小学生获取洗手相关卫生知识的途径主要通过教师和家长。结论小学生洗手相关卫生知识的健康教育应通过学校和家长2个途径深入开展,重点人群是低年级小学生。

Objective To study status of handwashing related knowledge and practice among elementary school students, and to provide basis for carrying out health intervention. Methods 5 elementary schools from one city in Guangdong province were selected by simple random sampling. 9 students were randomly selected from each grade in the five schools. Questionnaire on knowledge and practice of handwashing were conducted among 238 effective surveyed students. Results The frequencies of handwashing before meal and after urination and defecation were highest. High grade students were significantly higher than low grade ones in frequencies of handwashing after urination, defecation, PE class and cleaning （X^2 = 16.5, 10.8, 9.5, P 〈 0.01 ）. High grade students＇ frequency of using liquid soap or soap while washing hand was higher than low grade ones, girls＇ was higher than boys＇ （ H = 9.0, P 〈 0.05 }. More high grade students knew handwashing can prevente disease （ P 〈 0.05）. High grade students＇ awareness rate of right handwashing procedures was higher than low grade students （X^2 = 15.4,15.9,34.0,7.9, P 〈 0.01 ）. Parents and teachers were the main source of pupils＇ health knowledge of handwashing. Conclusion Health education about handwashing needs to carry out tboroughly and deeply, especially for low grade students.