茶园土壤动物群落结构特征研究

The Characteristic of Soil Fauna Community Structure in Tea Plantation

采用手捡法和干、湿漏斗法,以相邻人工林地为对照,研究了茶园土壤动物群落结构特征。结果表明:茶园与人工林土壤动物群落结构存在差异,且各类群个数及其所占比例有所不同,Jaccard相似性系数为0.633,Gower系数(Sg)为0.327,土壤动物群落结构表现出较高的异质性;茶园土壤动物的类群数低于人工林,优势类群所占比例却远远高于人工林,总体群落结构较对照人工林单一;土壤动物群落的丰富度、多样性指数、密度-类群指数及分布的均匀性均低于人工林。在凋落物层以下,随着土层的加深,土壤动物类群数、个体数及多样性均呈现出一定的表聚现象,土壤动物蜱螨目/弹尾目(A/C)比值茶园(2.44)大于人工林(2.09),A/C值并未因干扰强度增大而降低,这与凋落物残留量的多少及茶园螨害有关。

The characteristics of soil fauna community structure of tea plantation and artificial plantation were studied. Soil macrofauna were picked up by hand in the fields. Mesofauna and microfauna were separated and collected from the soil samples by Baermann and Tullgren methods. The results showed that the soil fauna community structure is different between tea plantation and artificial plantation. The frequency and individuals of groups are dissimilitude. The Jaccard coefficients between the tea plantation and artificial plantation are 0.633, implying that soil fauna community structure of tea plantation and artificial plantation are different. However, the number of groups in the tea plantation is less than that in artificial plantation, but the proportions of dominant groups are much higher than those of the artificial plantation, the community is more single than that of the artificial plantation. The diversity index, individual richness index, individual evenness index and density community index of soil fauna community in the tea plantation are less than those in artificial plantation. Most of the groups, individual numbers, the diversity indexs are concentrated in the topsoil, and decreased with the increasing of soil depth under the litter layer both in the tea plantation and the artificial plantation. The ratio of Acarina and Collembola（A/C） in the tea plantation is higher than that in the artificial plantation, which is different from the other researches. The phenomenon is positively correlated with the litter quantity or a large number of Acarina in tea plantation.