重庆市老年公寓老年人认知功能的现况调查

Investigation of cognitive ability among people in the elderly housing in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市老年公寓老年人认知功能情况,改善老年公寓老年人的认知功能及预防痴呆。方法采用随机分层整群抽样方法,对重庆市8个主城区各抽取1所老年公寓进行调查。应查者为老年公寓的入住者,年龄≥65岁。采用简易精神状况检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和一般情况调查表等。结果疾病组老年人定向差,铭记功能下降,计算力减退,记忆力降低,与健康组比较有统计学差异,日常生活能力方面,疾病组老年人得分明显高于健康组老年人,比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);SCL-90量表中躯体化、焦虑、抑郁纬度,疾病组高于健康组,比较有统计学差异(P<0.01);按文化水平划分痴呆,其中,文盲和小学文化程度的老年人,研究组和疾病组比较有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论重庆市老年公寓疾病组老年人认知功能明显低于健康组。

Objective To investigate the situation of cognitive ability among people in the elderly housing in Chongqing. Methods A cross-sectional study was respectively conducted among the elderly people aged 65 years old or above sampled from each elderly housing in Chongqing＇s eight primary districts. The cluster sampling method was based on the Mini-Mental State Examination（ MMSE）, Activity of daily living scale（ ADL）, Symptom checklist 90 （SCL-90） and demographic questionnaire. Results To compare with the well-being elders, the diseased elders had bad direction-sense, inscribed function breakdown, fall-off of the calculating ability and the memory degradation（ P 〈 0. 01,0. 05 ）. In the aspect of daily life ability, there were significant differences between the well-being elders and the diseased elders （P 〈 0. 01 ）. In the aspect of somatization, anxiety, depression in the symptom checklist 90, there were significant differences between the wellbeing elders and the diseased elders （P 〈 0. 01 ）. To distinguish dementia, according to education level, among the unlettered people and the ones with elementary school level, there were significant differences between the well-being elders and the diseased elders （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions The cognitive ability of the diseased elders is lower than that of the well-being elders in the elderly housing in Chongqing.