普氏野马繁殖群在组建和放归初期的争斗行为与社群等级建立

The Agonistic Behavior and Hierarchical Formation of the Equus przewalskii Herd in the Individual Coalition and Initial Releasing Period

2007年5月下旬至6月下旬,针对新组群并放归于卡拉麦里有蹄类保护区第二放归点的普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)繁殖群,采用焦点动物取样法和全事件记录法,观测记录了组群和放归初期繁殖群内个体间的争斗行为(攻击行为和屈服行为),以优势指数法确定繁殖群内的个体等级序列。结果表明,新组群内个体的年龄与攻击行为发出次数不存在显著的相关性(r=0.60,t=1.62,r<r0.05),年龄与屈服行为发出次数存在显著的相关性(r=0.88,t=6.75,r>r0.05),攻击与屈服行为次数也无显著的相关性(r=0.56,t=1.41,r<r0.05)。优势指数排序得出,群内头马的等级最高,雌马的等级序列基本按年龄排列,即雌马的等级序列与年龄呈极显著的相关性(r=0.94,t=13.99,r>r0.05)。各个体之间从最初组群到野放争斗行为日趋减少,社群等级逐渐建立并趋于稳定。

Agonistic behavior and hierarchical formation of the Przewalski＇ s Horse （ Equus przewalskii ） was conducted from the last ten-day in May to the last ten-day in June, 2007, when a new herd was formed and released into the second reintroduction site in Kalamaili Ungulate Reserve, Xinjiang. Focal sampling and all-occurrence sampling methods were used to observe and record the agonistic behaviors of the herd, and the dominance index of each individual was calculated. No significant correlation was detected between the age and the aggressive behaviors frequency （ r = 0.60, t = 1.62, r 〈 r0.05 ）, however, a significant correlation between the age and the surrender behaviors （r = 0.88, t = 6.75, r 〉 r0.05 ） was found. There was no significant correlation between the aggressive and the surrender behaviors （ r = 0.56, t = 1.41, r 〈 r0.05 ） among individuals in the herd. The master stallion had the highest dominance index, while females in the group had a linear series ranks corresponding to its age （ r = 0.94, t =13.99, r 〉 r0.05 ）. The frequency of agonistic behaviors between individuals decrease gradually from coalition to releasing period, and the hierarchy formed and stabilized gradually.