肠道线虫病现场防治研究

FIELD STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF HUMAN INTESTINE NEMATODE INFECTIONS

经对肠道线虫病现场防治研究，结果为单纯普治试点乡（淮阳）经１９９１～１９９３年连续３年冬季普治抽检人群防治后，钩虫、鞭虫感染率下降显著，分别由１９９１年的１４．６％和８．０％下降为１９９５年的１．２％和０．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。蛔虫、蛲虫感染率下降幅度较小，分别由１９９１年的２９．６％和２７．８％下降为１９９５年的２６．２％和１３．０％。土壤和水样中虫卵和钩蚴污染率亦明显下降。综合防治试点乡（项城）防治后蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫感染率呈逐年下降态势，防治前与防治后（至１９９５年）各年间同种虫感染率有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。防治前蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫感染率分别为３５．２％、７．２％和２．９％，至１９９５年分别降至７．１％、０．２％和０．５％。土壤和水样中虫卵和钩蚴污染率亦明显下降。但蛲虫感染率无明显下降。结果表明，冬季全民普治对钩虫、鞭虫感染有良好的防治效果，对蛔虫、蛲虫感染防治效果较差；而综合防治可弥补前者的不足。

Two control schemes,simple mass treatment in winter, complex control scheme including mass treatment, improvement of lavatory and water supply and health education,were carried out for the control of nematode infection in two townships of Xiangcheng city and Huaiyang county respectively during 1991-1995. In the township of Huaiyang county, after 3 times of mass treatment in winter during 1991-1993, the hookworm and whipworm infection rates decreased obviously, from 14.6% and 8.0% in 1991 to 1.2% and 0.7% in 1995 respectively( P <0.01). The ascaris and enterobius infection rates decreased slightly, from 29.6% and 27.8% in 1991 to 26.2% and 13.0% in 1995 respectively. The egg and hookworm larva pollution rates of soil and water samples also decreased obviously. In complex control experiment site (Xiangcheng City), the ascaris, hookworm and whipworm infection rates decreased gradually year by year, from 35.3%, 7.2% and 2.9% in 1991 to 7.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% in 1995 respectively ( P <0.01) .The egg and hookworm larva pollution rates of soil and water samples also decreased obviously, but the enterobius infection rates decreased slightly. In addition, the investigation showed that the people had a bad grasp of common public health knowledge and the basic knowledge of parasitic diseases. After health education, the grasp of basic knowledge of parasitic disease increased obviously. Its concluded that the simple mass treatment in winter might be the most practical scheme for the control of hookworm infection,and the complex control scheme has a good control effect of nematode infections.