论俄皇彼得一世改革的“欧化”与“专制化”

On the "Westernization" and "Autarchy" of Russian Tsar Peter

俄国沙皇彼得一世在17世纪末至18世纪初进行的改革,是俄国从东方文明转入西方文明过程中的一次社会大变革。然而,彼得在全面学习西方的同时,却强化了国内的专制制度和农奴制度,对外奉行帝国政治。其结果是又拉大了俄国与西方国家在政治、经济和文化等方面的差距,使俄国在后来的200多年间不断地落后于西方。彼得一世改革的"欧化"与"专制化"是诸多矛盾现象的重要根源。

The reformation conducted by Russian Tsar - Peter the Ⅰ from the end of 17th century to the beginning of 18th century was a great society change from Eastern Civilization to Western Civilization. However, Peter Ⅰ learned from the West in an all - round way, he strengthened the domestic system of autocracy and serf and advocated the foreign empire politic. That resulted in the wider gap between Russia and Western countries such as politics, economy and culture and led to Russia falling behind the West in the following over 200 years continuously. The ＂Westernization＂ and ＂Autarchy＂ of Peter Ⅰ Reformation are the important origins of many contradiction phenomena.