从“闻匈奴中乐”看秦汉时期游牧文化的人文精神

Humanistic Spirit In Qin and Han dynasties of the Nomadic Culture Reflected in "Be Willing to Hear about the Hun"

秦汉时期,中原统治者评价游牧民族时,常常用"贪而好利"、"人面兽心"、"不属为人"等充满歧视和贬低的字眼加以丑化,把他们与"人道"、"人文"相割裂。而与游牧民族密切接触的北方边疆地区的下层人民,却"闻匈奴中乐",千方百计想进入游牧地区生活。实际上,与中原农耕文化相比,对游牧文化不能简单地用野蛮和落后来概括。无论从物质生产层面,还是制度和精神层面,游牧文化都充满了人文精神,表现出尊重生命、关怀人生的内涵,这正是中原汉人"亡走北出"的原因所在。

In Qin and Han dynasties, once the rulers of the central plains of China evaluated the nomads, they usually used the words such as ＇ greedy＇ , ＇ a beast in human form＇ , ＇ non - humanness＇ etc.. These words were filled with discrimination and scorn, which uglified the nomads and separated them from ＇ humanity＇ , and ＇ humanism＇. However, the lowborn people of the northern frontier area, who kept close contact with the nomads, were eager to enter into the nomadic area. They would even be willing to hear about the Hun. Actually, compared with the agriculture culture, the nomadic culture should not be generalized simply as barbarian and backward. No matter from the aspects of material production or institution and spirit, the nomadic culture were full of humanism, namely respect to life, care for the meaning of life, and these are just the reason why people in the central plains of China run away for the northern frontier.