环渤海地区三大城市群外向服务功能测度与比较

MEASUREMENT AND COMPARISON ON THE EXTROVERT SERVICE FUNCTION OF THREE URBAN GROUPS IN BOHAI RIM

选取1997年和2004年环渤海地区京津冀、辽中南、山东半岛三大城市群的人口、从业人员、GDP、人均GDP等指标,运用外向功能量、城市流强度、城市流倾向度等模型,测度了三大城市群外向服务功能,并与长三角、珠三角相比较。结果表明:京津冀城市群外向服务功能居环渤海地区首位,辽中南次之,山东半岛位居最后;与1997年相比,山东半岛、京津冀外向服务功能均呈上升态势,仅辽中南出现了小幅度下降;与长三角、珠三角相比,三大城市群外向服务功能都弱于长三角,京津冀外向服务功能略强于珠三角,而辽中南和山东半岛则明显弱于珠三角。

The extrovert service function of cities is very important in the economic contacts among urban groups and regions, which is measured to calculate the extrovert energy, the intensity of urban flow and the degree of tendency based on a series of indexes such as urban population, GDP, employees in the main departments, and so on. The intensity of urban flow is one of the important quantified guidelines to reflect the extrovert service function. The paper, first, introduces the main researches on the extrovert service function of the cities at home and abroad, including academic and empirical researches. Then, the paper narrates and studies the three urban groups in Bohai Rim, which are Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, South-Central Liaoning and Shandong peninsula. What＇s more, the paper analyzes the extrovert service function of these three urban groups. The extrovert energy, the intensity of urban flow and the degree of tendency of three urban groups in Bohai Rim in 1997 and in 2004 are measured, and then the results of these two years are contrasted. The extrovert energy, the intensity of urban flow and the degree of tendency of some important cities in the urban groups are also analyzed. Besides, the three urban groups in Bohai Rim are compared with Yangtze delta and Pearl River Delta urban groups in southeast China. It is concluded that the intensity of the extrovert service function of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is the strongest in the three urban groups. South-Central Liaoning follows while Shandong peninsula is the weakest. The extrovert service function of cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Shandong peninsula is becoming closer, but those of cities in South-Central Liaoning get looser in 2004 than in 1997. The extrovert service function of the three urban groups in Bohai Rim is weaker than that of Pearl River Delta. The extrovert service function of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is little stronger than Pearl River Delta, and that of the extrovert service function of South-Central Liaoning and Shandong peninsula is weaker than Pearl River Delta.