贵州盘县煤矸石中汞的环境效应

Environmental effects of mercury in coal mine spoils in Panxian of Guizhou Province

通过冷原子荧光方法测定了贵州盘县新鲜煤矸石、不同风化程度煤矸石及煤矸石风化土壤中植物的Hg含量,对该地煤矸石中汞的分布规律及其环境效应进行了研究。结果表明,新鲜煤矸石中汞含量平均为(0.137±0.076)μg·g-1,未表现异常富集。不同风化程度的煤矸石土壤Hg含量未有明显的变化规律,平均含量为(0.154±0.056)μg·g-1,略高于土壤背景值。但在自燃后的煤矸石风化土壤和受其淋滤影响的下部土壤中汞却表现为异常富集,平均含量高达(1.627±0.294)μg·g-1。煤矸石风化土壤尤其是自燃后的煤矸石风化土壤中Hg的植物可利用性都比较高,部分农作物中Hg含量超过了国家标准中食品Hg含量限值,要选择合适的作物进行栽培。

By using cold vapor atomic fluorescence original and weathered coal mine spoils in Panxian technique, the mercury （Hg） contents in the of Guizhou Province, and in the plants growing on the soils from the weathered coal mine spoils were measured, aimed to reveal the distribution patterns of Hg in the spoils and the environmental effects of the Hg in study area. The total Hg content in the original coal mine spoils was averagely （0. 137 ± 0. 076）μg · g^-1, with no abnormal enrichment, and that in weathered coal mine spoils was averagely （0. 154±0. 056） μg · g^-1, without any changes with weathering degree. The total Hg content in the weathered coal mine spoils was slightly higher than that in the background soils. In the soils from weathered coal mine spoils with spontaneous combustion and in the deeper soil layers affected by leaching, Hg had an abnormal enrichment, with its total content reached to （ 1. 627 ± 0. 294） μg·g^-1. The soils from weathered coal mine spoils, especially from those with spontaneous combustion, had high levels of available Hg, and thus, the Hg content of some plants growing on these soils exceeded the national standard.