老年人居家不出现状及心理因素分析

Analysis of housebound status and psychologic factor in elderly

目的了解河北省唐山市社区老年人居家不出状况及进行心理因素分析。方法对唐山市社区采用随机整群抽样调查方法,抽取5个社区。对社区内符合条件的60岁～的老年人,采用统一的调查量表进行调查,根据外出频率以每周外出1次以及几乎不外出作为居家不出的评价标准,并进行心理状况分析。结果老年人居家不出发生率为18.78%。不同年龄组间居家不出发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),随着年龄的增长老年人居家不出发生率也在增加;无配偶的老年人居家不出发生率23.46%,高于有配偶的老年人17.00%,女性居家不出发生率28.87%,较男性15.95%老年人高;不同职业老年人居家不出发生率差异有统计学意义,干部的发生率较低(P<0.05)。老年人心理状况影响居家不出发生率,自我评价不健康、有孤独、抑郁者居家不出的发生率较高。结论老年人居家不出发生率较高,应采取措施预防和控制居家不出的发生,关注老年人心理健康。

Objective To understand the status of housebound and its psychologic factor in community elderly of Tang-shah. Methods Five communities were selected at random with clustered sampling from Tangshan city. The standard questionnaire was used to get information from senior citizen aged over 60. The criterion of housebound was the frequency of dally activity out of home equal or less than one time a week. At the same time, the psychologic status of the elder was investigated. Results The incidence of housebound was 18.78%. There was a significant statistic difference between different age groups（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The incidence of housebound increased along with the age increaseing and was higher in widowed than in coupled people and higher in female than in male. The incidence showed a difference between different occupations and was lower in cadre senior citizen. The incidence of housebound was affected by psychologic status of the elders and was higher in those with self-evaluation as uhhealthiness, loneliness and depression. Conclusion The incidence of housebound in elders is high. It is necessary to take action to intervene and control the housebound among elders.