基于农业结构及经济水平的山东省节水农业发展探讨

Discussion on Water-saving Agriculture Development Based on Agricultural Structure and Economy Level in Shandong Province

山东省是农业大省,农业用水占总用水的70%,而省内各地区自然条件、水资源条件、农业结构及社会经济水平差异较大,对节水农业的发展要求各不相同。利用2000-2005年期间的农业种植结构数据资料和社会经济水平(农民年均人收入值)对山东省17地市发展节水农业的节水灌溉技术方式进行了探讨。数据显示山东各地小麦、玉米和蔬菜种植占据主导,而社会经济水平相对较低,对大田作物仍应以发展低压管道灌溉技术并辅以田间节水方式为主,蔬菜种植应力推高效节水技术方式,控制和减少腾发耗水量。各地市采用节水灌溉技术方式也应各有侧重。

Shandong is a large agricultural province, in which water consumption proportion of agriculture irrigations accounts for 70% of the total. There are great differences in physical condition, water resources, agricultural structure and social economic level between each district, thus the requirement of water-saving agriculture development should also be different from each other. Based on the data of agricultural structure and social economic level （i. e. farmers annual average income） during the year of 2000 to 2005 in Shandong province, this paper discusses the types of water-saving irrigation technology in 17 districts. The data shows that the wheat, maize and vegetables planting play an important role in Shandong agriculture, and the social economic level is low relatively. Therefore, the low-pressure pipe irrigation technology should be developed firstly as a main irrigation type for field crop, which also can be assisted by other field water-saving technologies, the high-efficient water-saving technology should be applied as main types for vegetables, and the limitation or decreasing the cost of evapor-transporation should be taken into account, too. Different types of water-saving technology should be selected in different district.