中国大陆人体水蛭病的地区分布与危害

Distribution and harmfulness of leech-caused human disease in the mainland of China

目的总结中国大陆近50年水蛭病在人群中的地区分布与危害、水蛭在人体的寄生部位及多种不同的治疗方法。方法收集、分析国内50年来不同地区的水蛭病资料，对所获资料进行归类分析。结果共收集到l003例病例资料，分析结果显示中国大陆水蛭病分布在15个省、自治区；患者年龄为1．5岁至73岁不等；以农民、幼女、学生为主，其次为伐木工、采集工；发病季节以夏季为主，秋季次之；患者病程为1～365d以上不等；虫体寄生部位以鼻腔、阴道、咽喉部较为常见，眼部、上颌窦、肠腔、膀胱、外阴、胃、皮下极为罕见；患者临床表现为失血、贫血、恐惧、紧张、头昏、头痛、腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、鼻塞、呼吸受阻、血痰、咯血等，部份患者失血量在200～300ml之间，重者达600ml。结论水蛭病主要发生于国内某些地区，特别是西南的广西、贵州、四川、云南及中南的湖北，沿海的福建、广东等省（自治区）边远山区的农村，对人体的危害尤其对成年劳动者与幼女的危害较大。

Objective To summarize and analyze the distribution and harmfulness of leech-caused disease among populations, parasitized locations of leeches in human body and different treatment measures against this disease in mainland of China in the last 50 years. Methods To collect the information from varieties of medical books, journals, bulletins, monograph and journals for parasitologieal subjects, as well as leech-caused disease data reported from different regions. Results Information of 1 003 cases were collected and the data revealed that leech-caused diseases were found in 15 provinces or autonomous regions yet, and the patients＇ ages ranged from 1. 5 to 73. Most of these victims were farmers, little girls and students, and next were lumber- men. The high incident season of the disease was summer followed by autumn. Disease course lasted from 1 day to 365 days. The common locations of leeches detected were in nose, vagina, pharynx and larynx, and rarely in eyes, intestines, bladder, stomach and subcutaneous tissue. The clinical symptoms were blood loss, anaemia, panic, nervousness, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nauseat and vomiting. Some cases once lost blood volume ranging from 200 to 300 ml, and even 600 ml in the most severe cases. Conclusion The parasitic disease caused by leech is mainly distributed in the remotes of Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and Yun- nan provinces of the southwest China, Hubei Province of mid-south China, and Fujian and Guangdong provinces along the east coach of China. It causes great damage to the residents, especially the adult farmers and little girls.