发达国家本科层次高等职业教育研究——以美、德、日三国为例

A research report of higher vocational education of undergraduate level in developed countries——Based on the cases of U.S,Germany and Japan

对美、德、日等国本科高职发展状况的系统考察发现:发达国家本科高职有升格、新建、衍生等创建模式及独立、混合、合作等办学形式;本科高职的产生是教育系统内外部多因素合力的结果,可用需求说、完形说、漂移说、趋同说、易变说等加以解释;本科高职在培养目标、专业与课程设置、培养过程及招生方式等方面均呈现有别于专科高职及普通本科教育的特征;本科高职的创办取得了巨大的效益,实现了既满足社会需要、又推动高职自身发展的"双赢",但也出现了某些有碍高职发展的系统风险。

It＇s found through studying the development of undergraduate vocational education in countries like the U.S,Germany,Japan that there are many ways to undergraduate vocational colleges such as promotion,build and derivation,and there are many forms of ruling undergraduate vocational education like independent ruling,combination and cooperation.The generation of undergraduate vocational education depend on strengths from educational system inside and outside,which can be explained by theories like in-demand,gestalt,drift,and inconstancy.Undergraduate vocational education shows distinct characteristics compared with associate vocational education in aspects as cultivation target,major and curriculum setting,cultivation procedure and recruitment methods,etc.Founding undergraduate vocational education has produced great benefits and created a win-win situation of meeting society needs and self-developing.However,there are still some system risks which may hinder undergraduate vocational education development.