黄河三角洲米草入侵对滩涂底栖动物多样性的影响

Effects on Zoobenthos Diversity by Spartina spp. Invasion in Tidal Flat of Yellow River Delta

2005年5,8,10月份对黄河三角洲的无棣县岔尖、东营市五号桩、小清河口米草分布区与非米草分布区底栖动物进行了调查。结果表明:米草分布区底栖动物种类少于非米草分布区的,优势种类相对多度存在差异;岔尖、小清河口米草分布区底栖动物平均密度高于非米草区的,生物量均高于非米草分布区的,但五号桩米草分布区底栖动物密度低于非米草分布区的;米草入侵导致小型螺类密度高,蛤类、蟹类密度低;岔尖、五号桩米草分布区与非米草分布区底栖动物多样性、均匀度、优势度无显著差异,小清河口则反之。米草入侵改变了底栖动物的群落结构,对小清河口底栖动物多样性影响较显著。

Zoobenthos were investigated respectively at the spartina spp. growing area and the contrast at Chajian of Wudi county, at Wuhaozhuang of Dongying City, and at Xiaoqing River estuary of the Yellow River Delta in May, August, and October 2005. It is shown by the results that there are less zoobenthos species at the spartina spp. growing area than at the contrast, but the abundance of the dominant species depends. The arerag zoobenthos density and the biomass are greater at the spartina spp. growing area than at the contrast either of Chajian or of Xiaoqing River estuary. The zoobenthos density is less at the spartina spp. growing area than at the contrast in Wuhaozhuang. The spartina spp. invasion results in an increased density of the small snails and a decreased density of clams and crabs. There is not much difference of zoobenthos diversity, evenness, and dominance between the spartina spp. growing area and at the contrast either of Chajian or of Wuhaozhuang, while the difference is obvious between the two of Xiaoqing River estuary. The spartina spp. invasion has changed the community structure and gives more obvious effects on zoobenthos diversity in Xiaoqing River estuary.