从“积石山探险事件”看20世纪40年代中国科学文化的状况

An Investigation on Situations for Culture of Science in the 1940s China from "Jishishan Exploration"

发生于1948年的"积石山探险事件"是中国近代科学史上的一起欺诈事件,美国商人雷诺利用民国时期科学界在特殊历史条件下急于发展科学的特殊心态,导演了一场历史闹剧,从中渔利,并愚弄了中国政界与科学界,其过程一波三折。通过对此事件的微观考察,揭示当时中国科学事业的生存环境、经费投入、科学家心态等方面的情况,探究事件的文化背景,以透视20世纪40年代中国科学文化发展状况。

＂Jishishan Exploration＂ was a fraud event in the history of modern Chinese science in 1948. Milton Reynold, an American businessman, taking advantage of the special mentality of Chinese scientists being eager to develop science in the Period of the Republic of China, directed a farce and fooled Chinese politics and scientists to benefit himself. This paper takes a microcosmic perspective on ＂Jishishan Exploration＂. By revealing external en- vironment of Chinese scientific research, funding, scientists＇ mentality and investigating the cultural background of this event, we would understand the development situations of Chinese cultural of science in 1940s.