望月清司对马克思市民社会历史理论的研究

Seiji Mochizuki’s Studies on Marx’Historical Theory of Civic Society

望月清司的《马克思历史理论的研究》是日本马克思学界有关马克思历史理论研究最高水平的成果,代表着日本马克思主义研究范式。他以"劳动和所有的同一性"和"城市和农村的分工"为历史进步标准,以异化、分工、共同体和市民社会这四大核心概念为线索,将马克思的历史理论描绘成一个"共同体→市民社会→社会主义"的历史进程,并严格地论证了在本源共同体的三种类型(亚细亚、古典古代、日耳曼)当中,只有日耳曼世界才能产生本来意义上的市民社会,而亚细亚社会无法靠自身的力量实现从本源共同体向市民社会的转变这一结论。

Seiji Mochizuki' s The Study on the Historical Theory of Marx is paradigmatic, representing the highest level of the studies of Marx' historical theory in Japanese academic circle of Marxism. Adopting as a yardstick the historical progress in 'the balance between labor and property' and 'labor division between the urban and the rural' ,and following the clues given by such core concepts as alienation, labor division, community and civic society , he describes Marx' theory history as a historical progress from community to civic society and to socialism. With rigorous justification, he concludes that, among the three types of original ( ursprünglich) communities ( Asian, of classical antiquity and Germanic ) , only Germanic community may develop a civic society in its original sense, which is beyond any possibility for Asian community if there is no pushing force from outside world.