中国电力可持续发展的出路和方向

Sustained Growth Pathway for China's Power Industry

中国2008年能源消费总量28.5×108t标煤,其中煤炭消费量27.4×108t,原油消费量3.6×108t,天然气消费量807×108m3,电力消费量34502×108kW·h。中国电力工业在节能减排的推动下发展,2008年全国供电单耗349g标煤/(kW·h),同比下降7g标煤/(kW·h),线损率6.64%,同比下降0.33个百分点,关停小火电1669×104kW。2009年国家能源新政给电力行业发展带来新的契机,2009年电力投资5800亿元,电力工业结构调整列在2009年中国能源新政任务的首位。中国新能源发电已进入全新发展期:核电将成为取代常规火电的主力军;风电潜力大,发展速度惊人,但问题也不少;水电发电量居世界第一,但仍存在制约水电发展的问题;太阳能光伏发电发展迅速,前景看好。

China used 28.5×10^8t of coal equivalent of energy in 2008,including 27.4×10^8t of coal,3.6×10^8t of crude oil,807×10^8m^3 of natural gas and 34502×10^8kW·h of electricity.The Chinese power industry is pushing ahead with an energy saving and emission reduction campaign.In 2008,the unit energy consumption in the domestic power supply sector was 349t of coal equivalent/kW·h,down 7g of coal equivalent/kW·h.The transmission line loss rate was 6.64%,down 0.33% year-on-year.Last year,China closed down on 1669×10^4kW of small coal-fired power plants.The new energy policies published by the government earlier this year have created new business opportunities for the power industry.In 2009,China will invest 580 billion yuan in the power industry.In the new energy policies,the government has given top priority to the structural adjustment of the power industry.China＇s alternative energy-fired power generation sector has entered a new stage of development： nuclear power is set to become the main energy source to replace conventional coal- based power;wind power is a promising energy source and is now growing at an amazing speed although many problems remain to be resolved ;China＇s is now the world＇s biggest producer of hydroelectricity but restraints remain ;photovoltaic power generation is growing rapidly in China with a bright outlook.